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100% Pass Lpi - Latest 102-500 - Exam LPIC-1 Exam 102, Part 2 of 2, version 5.0 Tutorials

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Lpi LPIC-1 Exam 102, Part 2 of 2, version 5.0 Sample Questions (Q118-Q123):

NEW QUESTION # 118
Which file contains the date of the last change of a user's password?

A. /etc/pwdlog
B. /etc/passwd
C. /etc/gshadow
D. /var/log/shadow
E. /etc/shadow

Answer: E

Explanation:
The /etc/shadow file contains the encrypted passwords and other information for each user account on a Linux system. The third field in each line of this file is the date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password, based on the password aging policy. The /etc/shadow file can be viewed and modified by the root user or by using the chagecommand123. The other files listed in the options do not store the date of the last password change. The /etc/gshadow file contains the encrypted passwords for group accounts4. The
/etc/passwd file contains the basic information for each user account, such as the user name, user ID, group ID, home directory, login shell, etc., but not the password5. The /etc/pwdlog file does not exist by default on most Linux systems, and it is not related to the password change date. The /var/log/shadow file also does not exist by default on most Linux systems, and it is not related to the password change date. References: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/password-changes-chage-command
https://www.golinuxcloud.com/check-last-password-change-expiration-linux/

NEW QUESTION # 119
The ________ command is used to add a group to the system.

Answer:

Explanation:
groupadd, /usr/sbin/groupadd
Explanation:
The groupadd command creates a new group using the options specified on the command line and the default values from the /etc/login.defs file. It adds an entry for the new group to the /etc/group and /etc/gshadow files.
Only the root user or a user with sudo privileges can create new groups using this command. The general syntax for the groupadd command is as follows:
groupadd [OPTIONS] GROUPNAME
Some of the common options for the groupadd command are:
* -g, --gid GID: Specify the numeric group ID for the new group. If not given, the system will assign the next available GID from the range of group IDs specified in the login.defs file.
* -r, --system: Create a system group with a GID chosen from the range of system group IDs specified in the login.defs file. System groups are usually used for some special system operation purposes, like creating backups or doing system maintenance.
* -f, --force: Suppress the error message if the group already exists and exit successfully. This option is useful for scripts that need to ensure the existence of a group.
* -K, --key KEY=VALUE: Override the default values from the /etc/login.defs file. The valid keys are GROUP_MIN_ID, GROUP_MAX_ID, SYS_GROUP_MIN_ID, SYS_GROUP_MAX_ID, and GID_INCREMENT.
References: https://www.makeuseof.com/linux-file-ownership-groups-guide/
https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-create-groups-in-linux/
https://linuxhandbook.com/groupadd-command/

NEW QUESTION # 120
Which of the following information is stored in /etc/shadow for each user?

A. The path to the user's home directory
B. The timestamp of the user's last login
C. The hashed password of the user
D. The user's private SSH keys
E. The numerical user ID (UID)

Answer: C

Explanation:
The /etc/shadow file is a text file that stores encrypted passwords, along with user name, password expiration values, and last password change date. The credential information in the shadow file is encrypted using a one-way hash function to disable decryption. The /etc/shadow file contains one entry per line for each user listed in /etc/passwd file. Each line of the /etc/shadow file contains nine comma-separated fields, and the second field is the encrypted password of the user. The password field uses the $type$salt$hashed format, where $type is the method of cryptographic hash algorithm, salt is a random string, and hashed is the result of applying the hash function to the user's password and the salt. The /etc/shadow file is only readable by the root user, and it is used to enhance the security and control of user passwords.
The other information listed are not stored in /etc/shadow file, but in /etc/passwd file. The /etc/passwd file is a text file that contains basic information about each user account on the system. Each line of the /etc/passwd file contains seven colon-separated fields, and they are:
* Username: The name of the user account.
* Password: An x character indicates that the encrypted password is stored in /etc/shadow file.
* User ID (UID): The numerical identifier of the user account.
* Group ID (GID): The numerical identifier of the primary group of the user account.
* User ID Info: The comment field that can store additional information about the user, such as full name, phone number, etc.
* Home Directory: The absolute path to the user's home directory, where the user's personal files and settings are stored.
* Shell: The absolute path to the user's default login shell, which is the program that runs when the user logs in to the system.
References:
* Understanding the /etc/shadow File | Linuxize
* Understanding /etc/shadow file format on Linux - nixCraft
* /etc/shadow file format | Linux#
* [/etc/passwd file format | Linux#]

NEW QUESTION # 121
Which of the following SQL queries counts the number of occurrences for each value of the field order_type in the table orders?

A. SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders ORDER BY order_type;
B. SELECT order_type,COUNT(*) FROM orders GROUP BY order_type;
C. SELECT AUTO_COUNT FROM orders COUNT order_type;
D. COUNT(SELECT order_type FROM orders);
E. SELECT order_type,COUNT(*) FROM orders WHERE order_type=order_type;

Answer: B

Explanation:
The correct SQL query to count the number of occurrences for each value of the field order_type in the table orders is:
SELECT order_type,COUNT(*) FROM orders GROUP BY order_type;
This query uses the SELECT statement to retrieve the values of the order_type field and the COUNT(*) function to count the number of rows for each order_type. The GROUP BY clause groups the rows by the order_type field, so that the count is calculated for each distinct value of order_type. The result of this query is a table with two columns: order_type and count, where each row shows the number of orders for a specific order_type.
The other options are incorrect for the following reasons:
A: This query uses a WHERE clause that is always true, since order_type=order_type for every row. Therefore, this query returns the same result as SELECT order_type,COUNT(*) FROM orders;, which is a table with one row that shows the total number of orders, regardless of the order_type.
C: This query is syntactically invalid, since the COUNT function cannot take a subquery as an argument. The correct way to use a subquery with COUNT is COUNT((SELECT order_type FROM orders));, which returns the total number of orders, regardless of the order_type.
D: This query uses the ORDER BY clause to sort the rows by the order_type field, but it does not group them by order_type. Therefore, this query returns the same result as SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders;, which is a table with one row that shows the total number of orders, regardless of the order_type.
E: This query is syntactically invalid, since there is no such function as AUTO_COUNT in SQL, and the COUNT function cannot take a field name as an argument. The correct way to use COUNT with a field name is COUNT(order_type);, which returns the number of non-null values in the order_type field.
Reference:
[SQL COUNT Function]
[SQL GROUP BY Statement]
[SQL SELECT Statement]

NEW QUESTION # 122
Which command is used to set the hostname of the local system? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

Answer:

Explanation:
hostname
Explanation:
The hostname command is used to set the hostname of the local system. The hostname command can take a single argument, which is the new hostname to be assigned to the system. For example, to set the hostname to linux, one can run:
hostname linux
The hostname command can also be used without any arguments to display the current hostname of the system. For example, to show the current hostname, one can run:
hostname
The hostname command only changes the hostname temporarily, meaning that the original hostname will be restored after a reboot. To change the hostname permanently, one has to edit the configuration files that store the hostname information, such as /etc/hostname, /etc/hosts, /etc/sysconfig/network, etc. The exact files and commands may vary depending on the Linux distribution and the system initialization process. For more details, please refer to the web search results1 or the question answering results2. Reference:

NEW QUESTION # 123
......

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