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CWAP-404่ฉฆ้จๆๆณใCWAP-404ๅ้ก้
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CWNP CWAP-404 ่ชๅฎ่ฉฆ้จใฎๅบ้ก็ฏๅฒ๏ผ
ใใใใฏ
ๅบ้ก็ฏๅฒ
ใใใใฏ 1
- Frame Exchanges: The topic evaluates the skills of a wireless network professional in capturing, understanding, and analyzing various frame exchanges, including BSS discovery, joining, roaming, and data frames. The CWAP-404 exam targets the ability of candidates to troubleshoot and resolve issues related to MAC layer operations, ensuring they can maintain robust and efficient WLAN communications.
ใใใใฏ 2
- PHY Layers and Technologies: In the topic, the CWAP-404 exam tests the understanding of a wireless network professional about the Physical (PHY) layer functions and technologies. Wireless analysts need to describe and apply knowledge of PHY headers, PPDUs, and other PHY-related data. This topic ensures that analysts are proficient in interpreting PHY information within protocol analyzers and can select appropriate capture devices for different PHY types.
ใใใใฏ 3
- Protocol Analysis: The topic in the CWNP CWAP-404 exam evaluates the skill of a wireless network professional to capture and analyze 802.11 frames effectively. Candidates must demonstrate proficiency in configuring protocol analysis tools, interpreting frame captures to diagnose issues, and applying appropriate troubleshooting methods.
ใใใใฏ 4
- Spectrum Analysis: The topic assesses the ability of a wireless network professional to capture and interpret RF spectrum data. The exam targets the skills in identifying device signatures and RF issues through spectrum analyzers.
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CWAP-404ๅ้ก้ใCWAP-404่ณๆ ผ่ช่จผๆป็ฅ
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CWNP Certified Wireless Analysis Professional ่ชๅฎ CWAP-404 ่ฉฆ้จๅ้ก (Q121-Q126):
่ณชๅ # 121
What is the function of the PHY layer?
- A. Convert MSDUs to PPDUs for transmissions and PPDUs to MSDUs for receptions
- B. Convert PSDUs to PPDUs for transmissions and PPDUs to PSDUs for receptions
- C. Convert PPDUs to MSDUs for transmissions and MSDUs to PPDUs for receptions
- D. Convert PPDUs to PSDUs for transmissions and PSDUs to PPDUs for receptions
ๆญฃ่งฃ๏ผB
่งฃ่ชฌ๏ผ
The function of the PHY layer is to convert PSDUs to PPDUs for transmissions and PPDUs to PSDUs for receptions. A PSDU (PHY Service Data Unit) is the data unit that is passed from the MAC layer to the PHY layer for transmission, or from the PHY layer to the MAC layer for reception. A PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) is the data unit that is transmitted or received over the wireless medium by the PHY layer. A PPDU consists of a PSDU and a PHY header, which contains information such as modulation, coding, and data rate. The PHY layer adds or removes the PHY header to or from the PSDU during the conversion process.
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่ณชๅ # 122
In the 2.4 GHZ band, what data rate are Probe Requests usually sent at from an unassociated STA?
- A. The minimum basic rate
- B. 1 Mbps
- C. 6 Mbps
- D. MCS 0
ๆญฃ่งฃ๏ผA
่งฃ่ชฌ๏ผ
Explanation
In the 2.4 GHz band, probe requests are usually sent at the minimum basic rate from an unassociated STA. A probe request is a type of management frame that is transmitted by a STA to discover available BSSs in its vicinity. A probe request can be sent on one or more channels in either passive or active scanning mode. In passive scanning mode, a STA listens for beacon frames from APs on each channel. In active scanning mode, a STA sends probe requests on each channel and waits for probe responses from APs. A probe request is usually sent at the minimum basic rate, which is the lowest data rate among the supported rates that is required for all STAs to join and communicate with a BSS. The minimum basic rate can vary depending on the configuration of each BSS, but it is typically one of these values: 1 Mbps, 2 Mbps, 5.5 Mbps, or 11 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz band. The other options are not correct, as they do not reflect how probe requests are usually sent in the 2.4 GHz band. MCS 0 is a modulation and coding scheme used by 802.11n/ac devices in either band, but it is not a data rate per se. 6 Mbps is a data rate used by OFDM devices in either band, but it is not usually configured as a minimum basic rate in the 2.4 GHz band. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 123-124
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่ณชๅ # 123
The network administrator at ABC Engineering has taken a large packet capture from one of their APs running in monitor mode. She has very little knowledge of 802.11 protocols but would like to use the capture file to evaluate the overall health and performance of their wireless network. When she asks your advice, which tool do you recommend she opens the packet capture file with?
- A. WLAN scanner
- B. Capture visualization tool
- C. Python
- D. Spectrum analyzer
ๆญฃ่งฃ๏ผB
่งฃ่ชฌ๏ผ
Explanation
A capture visualization tool is a software application that can open a packet capture file and display various graphs, charts, tables, and statistics that illustrate the characteristics and behavior of the wireless network. A capture visualization tool can help a network administrator with little knowledge of 802.11 protocols to evaluate the overall health and performance of their wireless network by providing a visual and intuitive representation of the captured data. A spectrum analyzer is a hardware device that measures the radio frequency signals in a given frequency range and displays their amplitude, frequency, and modulation. A spectrum analyzer can help identify sources of interference and noise in the wireless environment, but it cannot open a packet capture file. Python is a programming language that can be used to write scripts or applications that manipulate or analyze packet capture files, but it requires coding skills and knowledge of
802.11 protocols. A WLAN scanner is a software application that scans for available wireless networks and displays information such as SSID, BSSID, channel, signal strength, security type, and vendor. A WLAN scanner can help discover wireless networks and their basic parameters, but it cannot open a packet capture file345 References:
CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Protocol Analysis, page 63
CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 2.5: Use capture visualization tools
CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 4: Spectrum Analysis and Troubleshooting, page 117 CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 4.1: Use spectrum analysis tools CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Protocol Analysis, page 33 CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 2.2: Analyze field values
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่ณชๅ # 124
When performing protocol analysis, you notice a high number of RTS/CTS frames being transmitted on an HT network. You suspect this may be due to HT protection mechanisms. Where in the Beacon frame would you look to determine which one of the four HT protection modes the AP is operating in?
- A. HT Operation Element
- B. HT Information Element
- C. HT Protection Element
- D. Non-HT Present Element
ๆญฃ่งฃ๏ผB
่งฃ่ชฌ๏ผ
Explanation
When performing protocol analysis, you would look at the HT Information Element in the Beacon frame to determine which one of the four HT protection modes the AP is operating in. The HT Information Element contains various subfields that provide information about the HT network configuration and operation. One of these subfields is the HT Protection field, which indicates whether any protection mechanisms are required for mixed-mode operation with non-HT STAs. The four possible values for this field are:
No Protection: No protection mechanisms are required.
Non-member Protection: RTS/CTS or CTS-to-self protection is required for all HT transmissions.
20 MHz Protection: RTS/CTS or CTS-to-self protection is required for all HT transmissions using a 40 MHz channel.
Non-HT Mixed Mode: All HT transmissions must use a non-HT preamble and header . References:
CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 11:
802.11n/ac/ax PHYsical Layer Frame Exchanges, page 378; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 11: 802.11n/ac/ax PHYsical Layer Frame Exchanges, page 379.
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่ณชๅ # 125
What is the function of the PHY layer?
- A. Convert MSDUs to PPDUs for transmissions and PPDUs to MSDUs for receptions
- B. Convert PSDUs to PPDUs for transmissions and PPDUs to PSDUs for receptions
- C. Convert PPDUs to MSDUs for transmissions and MSDUs to PPDUs for receptions
- D. Convert PPDUs to PSDUs for transmissions and PSDUs to PPDUs for receptions
ๆญฃ่งฃ๏ผB
่งฃ่ชฌ๏ผ
Explanation
The function of the PHY layer is to convert PSDUs to PPDUs for transmissions and PPDUs to PSDUs for receptions. A PSDU (PHY Service Data Unit) is the data unit that is passed from the MAC layer to the PHY layer for transmission, or from the PHY layer to the MAC layer for reception. A PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) is the data unit that is transmitted or received over the wireless medium by the PHY layer. A PPDU consists of a PSDU and a PHY header, which contains information such as modulation, coding, and data rate.
The PHY layer adds or removes the PHY header to or from the PSDU during the conversion process. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 97-98
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่ณชๅ # 126
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ๆฅๅธธ็ๆดปใฎไฝ็็ฃๆงใจไฝๅน็ใซใพใ ๅงๅใใใฆใใพใใ๏ผ็ญใใใใฏใใใฎๅ ดๅใCWAP-404ใฌใคใๆฅๆตใซๆณจๆใใฆใใ ใใใใใฉใณในใฎใจใใไธๆตใฎใตใผใในใๆไพใใใใใๅคขใฎCWAP-404่จผๆๆธใๅๅพใใๅธๆใฎ่ทๆฅญใซๅฐฑใใใจใใงใใพใใๅฝ็คพใฎ่ฃฝๅใซใฏใใใคใใฎไธป่ฆใชๆฉ่ฝใใใใCWAP-404ใในใใฎ่ณชๅใซๆบ่ถณใใฆใใใ ใใใจไฟกใใฆใใพใใใใใฆใCWAP-404่ฉฆ้จๅ้กใไธๅบฆ่ฉฆใใฆใฟใใจใใใฃใจๆฐใซๅ ฅใใฏใใงใใ
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- CWAP-404 Exam Questions
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